Freya Stark’s Exploration of Luristan’s  Bronze Age Graves 

Freya Stark, an indomitable English explorer and author, journeyed through the Middle East with a spirit that defied the constraints of her era. Born in 1893 and living through a century marked by rapid change and conflict, Stark’s writings brought to life the remote landscapes and cultures of Iran in her book “Valley of the … Read more

Freya Stark’s Luristan Journey to Alishtar Fort 

Freya Stark, a renowned English travel writer, was an indomitable spirit of adventure and keen observation, whose extensive travels throughout the Middle East have left an indelible mark on the genre of travel literature. Among her most celebrated works is “Valley of the Assassins,” an enthralling account of her journey in 1930s Iran, offering not … Read more

D.G. Hogarth on Early European Travellers to Arabia

yemeni hilltop fort with vivid blue skies Victor Huguet

D. G. Hogarth, a prominent British archaeologist, is often celebrated for his extensive work in various regions of the Near East. While his archaeological endeavours have left an enduring legacy on the study of ancient civilizations, it is important to recognize that Hogarth made a significant contribution to Arabian Peninsula studies as well. Among his … Read more

John Keane’s Survival Tale in the Arabian Desert

In the vast expanse of the Arabian desert during the 19th century, John Keane embarked on a transformative journey as part of a colossal pilgrimage caravan en route from Mecca to Medina. This caravan, comprising hundreds of camels and pilgrims, traversed the arduous terrain, marking a pilgrimage of profound spiritual significance. As the caravan progressed, … Read more

Carsten Neibuhr: Danish Expedition to Yemen 1761

Niehbur-Yemen

The 18th-century Danish expedition to Yemen stands as a compelling narrative of intellectual curiosity characteristic of the enlightenment values of 18th century Europe. Led by a distinguished cohort comprising Peter Forskall, Christian Charles Cramer, Frederick Christian von Haven, George William Baurenfeind, and Carsten Niebuhr, this expedition bore the mandate of the Danish king Frederick V, … Read more

John Keane’s Respite At Rabigh Fort

In the vast and challenging landscape of the Arabian desert, John Keane finding himself weary and worn, on a journey from Mecca to Madinah as part of a vast pilgrim caravan in the mid 19th century. The pilgrims, deceived by mirages, eagerly anticipate the sight of Rabigh, a major stopping point approximately halfway between Mecca … Read more