John Keane’s Medina Observations

In the 19th century, John Keane, an Englishman who clandestinely embraced the Muslim identity, embarked on a captivating journey through Arabia. His vivid narrative provides a unique glimpse into the mysterious and alluring city of Medinah, a place of great religious significance in Islam. Keane’s initial encounter with Medinah conjures images of awe and wonder. … Read more

Lewis Pelly’s Diplomatic Mission to Riyadh

In the tumultuous landscape of Central Arabia during the 1850s, the British Indian government found itself in need of a diplomatic rapprochement with the rulers of Central Arabia . At the heart of this story was Faysal bin Turki Al-Saud (1785-1865), a formidable Wahabbi ruler presiding over the Second Saudi state. Concurrently, British authorities, represented … Read more

D.G. Hogarth on Early European Travellers to Arabia

yemeni hilltop fort with vivid blue skies Victor Huguet

D. G. Hogarth, a prominent British archaeologist, is often celebrated for his extensive work in various regions of the Near East. While his archaeological endeavours have left an enduring legacy on the study of ancient civilizations, it is important to recognize that Hogarth made a significant contribution to Arabian Peninsula studies as well. Among his … Read more

John Keane’s Survival Tale in the Arabian Desert

In the vast expanse of the Arabian desert during the 19th century, John Keane embarked on a transformative journey as part of a colossal pilgrimage caravan en route from Mecca to Medina. This caravan, comprising hundreds of camels and pilgrims, traversed the arduous terrain, marking a pilgrimage of profound spiritual significance. As the caravan progressed, … Read more

Palgrave’s 19th Century Nejd Explorations

Exploration serves as a crucial lens through which we unveil the mysteries of diverse landscapes, and one such enigma lies in the heart of Arabia—Nejd. This central region, obscured by the scarcity of European eyewitness accounts, beckoned the curiosity of Victorian explorers seeking to decode its geographical intricacies and socio-political nuances. In the annals of … Read more

Carsten Neibuhr: Danish Expedition to Yemen 1761

Niehbur-Yemen

The 18th-century Danish expedition to Yemen stands as a compelling narrative of intellectual curiosity characteristic of the enlightenment values of 18th century Europe. Led by a distinguished cohort comprising Peter Forskall, Christian Charles Cramer, Frederick Christian von Haven, George William Baurenfeind, and Carsten Niebuhr, this expedition bore the mandate of the Danish king Frederick V, … Read more