Reza Shah Pahlavi’s Modernisation Efforts

Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878- 1944) embarked on an ambitious journey to propel Iran into the modern era. His reign, marked by a fervent desire to modernise the nation, was characterised by sweeping reforms that touched every aspect of Iranian society. Here we highlight the multifaceted approach he adopted, examining the military, administrative, judicial, educational, economic, … Read more

Shah Reza Pahlavi’s Forced Displacement Policies

Under the authoritarian regime of Reza Shah Pahlavi, Iran embarked on a rigorous path towards modernisation and centralisation. Reza Shah’s reign, marked by a strong push for a unified national identity, involved the aggressive implementation of policies that dramatically altered the fabric of Iranian society. This essay examines the forced migration of Iranian tribal people, … Read more

T.E. Lawrence Aqabah Campaign

Lawrence-Aqabah-Battle

In the shifting sands of the Great Arab Revolt during World War I, one figure emerged as a masterful orchestrator of unconventional warfare – T.E. Lawrence. His pivotal role in the Aqaba campaign serves as a compelling chapter in the saga of Lawrence’s exploits. As the architect of daring and audacious strategies, Lawrence propelled the … Read more

T.E Lawrence: Aqaba’s Strategic Challenges

TE-Lawrence-Royal-Flying-Corps

In the scorching summer months of 1917, the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire bore witness to pivotal developments, with the strategic port of Aqaba emerging as a linchpin in the conflict. This period marked the relocation of Feisal’s army from Wejh to Aqaba, facilitated by naval transport for regulars and camel journeys for the … Read more

T.E. Lawrence Hejaz Railway Attacks

Lawrence-Hejaz-Railway

In World War I, T.E. Lawrence, better known as Lawrence of Arabia, emerges as a central figure whose strategic brilliance and audacious exploits had a profound effect on the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire. Here we delve into a pivotal chapter of Lawrence’s wartime narrative, focusing on his instrumental role in orchestrating a relentless … Read more